Geroscience is a relatively nascent, multidisciplinary field of research focused on understanding the biological mechanisms of aging and their relationship to age-related diseases and conditions.  The core premise of geroscience is that aging itself is the primary risk factor for a wide range of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. By targeting the modifiable processes of aging, researchers aim to develop interventions that not only treat individual diseases but also extend healthspan—the period of life spent in good health.

The field integrates insights from molecular biology, genetics, physiology, and systems biology, as well as clinical and translational research. Key areas of focus include understanding cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and altered intercellular communication, among other hallmarks of aging. By addressing these processes, geroscience aims to delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases simultaneously, ultimately improving quality of life and longevity.

Recent advances in geroscience research have focused on identifying targets involved in the aging processes, understanding molecular pathways of aging, and integrating findings into clinical practice to improve healthspan and longevity.   This has resulted in the identification of several FDA approved drugs (medications already in clinical use for treatment of diseases) that has the potential for being repurposed for the potential to influence (slow) aging processes (few covered in next section).

In addition, several initiatives focused on discovery & validation targets, drug discovery and technologies for benchmarking aging related biological signatures are in progress with the potential to shift healthcare from a disease-centered approach to one that proactively manages aging as a modifiable risk factor, potentially transforming longevity and quality of life.