FASTING IN RELIGION & CULTURES

The concept of fasting has been part of religion and culture since ancient times and continues to be part of our spiritual, religious, and cultural practices observed by many cultures around the world today. Fasting as part of religious practices typically involves abstaining from food, drink, or specific activities for a set period. The reasons for fasting can range from spiritual purification, religious devotion, health reasons, or social solidarity. Below is a summary overview of fasting in various religion & cultures starting with the most widely known/practiced to a few that might not in the mainstream information streams.

1. Islam (Ramadan) - (The most widely recognized & practiced in the community based on followers of the religion)

  • When: Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar

  • How: Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. During this time, they abstain from food, drink, smoking, and other physical needs. The fast is broken with a meal called Iftar in the evening, starting with dates and water, followed by a larger meal.

2. Christianity (Lent) - (Not all denominations emphasize fasting)

  • When: Lent, a 40-day period leading up to Easter (starting from Ash Wednesday)

  • How: Traditionally, Christians abstain from meat (especially on Fridays) and other indulgent foods. Some Christians may choose to give up luxuries, including certain foods or activities, as a form of sacrifice. Fasting practices vary among denominations, with the Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican Churches having specific guidelines.

3. Judaism (Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av)

  • When: The two main fasts are Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement) and Tisha B'Av (the day mourning the destruction of the First and Second Temples).

  • How: Fasting during Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av lasts 25 hours, from sunset to nightfall the following day. Observers abstain from food, drink, bathing, wearing leather shoes, and other pleasures.

4. Hinduism (Ekadashi, Navaratri, and wide range depending on religious beliefs in particular communities)

  • When: Hindus fast on a variety of occasions. Ekadashi is observed twice a month, while Navaratri is a nine-day festival that includes fasting.

  • Why: Fasting is seen as a way to purify the body and mind and to earn spiritual merit. Fasting is believed to help devotees connect with the divine and attain self-discipline.

  • How: The type of fasting varies. Some may abstain from all food and drink, while others consume only fruit, water, or special fasting foods like milk and yogurt. Different regions and sects have varied fasting practices.

5. Buddhism

  • When: Buddhists fast on specific days such as Uposatha (observance days), and some monks and nuns practice intermittent fasting daily.

  • Why: Fasting in Buddhism is not strictly enforced but is practiced for mindfulness, self-discipline, and spiritual growth. It helps in detachment from material pleasures.

  • How: Monks and nuns typically follow a rule of abstaining from solid food after noon, eating only a single meal before midday. Lay Buddhists may observe fasts on certain days for self-discipline.

  • Special Note: Different branches of Buddhism have varying fasting traditions.

6. Jainism (Paryushana and other fasts)

  • When: Paryushana is one of the most important fasting periods for Jains, lasting 8–10 days. Other fasts occur throughout the year.

  • How: Fasting can vary from complete abstinence from food to more moderate forms such as consuming only boiled water or one meal a day. Jains often engage in introspection, prayer, and repentance during fasts.

  • Special Note: Some Jains may practice an extended fast known as Santhara, especially at the end of life, as a way to detach from the physical world.

8. Native American Traditions

  • When: Fasting is observed during vision quests or before significant spiritual ceremonies.

  • How: The length of the fast and the accompanying rituals vary between tribes. Fasting is often accompanied by solitude and prayer.

10. Bahá'í Faith (19-Day Fast)

  • When: Bahá'ís fast annually for 19 days, from March 1 to March 19.

  • How: Bahá'ís abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset during the fast. The fast is obligatory for those between 15 and 70 years old, with exceptions.

Fasting remains a significant aspect of religious and cultural identity across these traditions, representing a bridge between the material and spiritual realms. The specifics of the practice vary widely, but the common thread often lies in self-discipline, reflection, and a deeper connection with the divine or with the self.